Internet Guide to International Fisheries Law

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Part 4:
Issues in fisheries management

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Part index This section contains an extensive collection of links on various issues affecting international fisheries. This page deals with the general problems of overfishing and overcapacity. The next page deals with illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing. There are also several pages dealing with various bycatch issues (tuna-dolphin, shrimp-turtle and seabird) and driftnet fishing. The final page covers a number of issues, including fisheries development, coastal management systems (ITQs, etc.) and fisheries trade.
     
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bullet State of fisheries resources
bullet Overfishing/overcapacity
   

FAO Fisheries Department
The FAO Fisheries Department is the main source for information on the state of world fisheries resources and produces a number of publications:  

bullet State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2000
bullet State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 1998
     
bullet Review of the State of World Fishery Resources: Marine Fisheries
FAO Fisheries Circular No. 920
  
bullet Fisheries and Aquaculture - Situation and Outlook in 1996:
  
bulletEurope  Fisheries Circular No. 911
bulletNear East and North Africa  Fisheries Circular No. 919
bulletLatin America and the Caribbean  Fisheries Circular No. 921
bulletSub Saharan Africa  Fisheries Circular No. 922
bulletSouth Pacific  Fisheries Circular No. 907
   
bullet Agriculture: Towards 2015/30: Chapter 7 World fisheries
Chapter on fisheries from Agriculture: Towards 2015/30, Technical Interim Report, April 2000, produced by the FAO Economic and Social Department.

Literature on-line

Global Overview of Marine Fisheries
Paper by Serge Garcia and Ignacio De Leiva Moreno, presented at the Reykjavik Conference on Responsible Fisheries in the Marine Ecosystem. (A PowerPoint presentation is also available).

State of World Fisheries Resources (in pdf)
Report by D L Alverson and K Dunlop of the University of Washington Fisheries Research Institute.

Report on the World's Oceans (in pdf format - approx 1MB).
Detailed report from Greenpeace (from 1998) concerning the state of the world's oceans and the threats to them, including from fisheries, pollution and climate change. A summary of the report is also available.

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Subsidies

There is a large amount of material on the web describing the overfishing and overcapacity problems. A search for overfishing in one of the search engines, such as Yahoo!, usually turns up numerous comments, news releases and documents from a variety of sources although these are not always very useful. Listed below are some of the more interesting or informative documents the appear to be available:

International Plan of Action for the Management of Fishing Capacity

FAO Consultation on Management of Fishing Capacity
Information on the FAO Consultation, including:

Report of the Technical Working Group on the Management of Fishing Capacity (April 1998)
Report of the Preparatory Meeting for the Consultation on the Management of Fishing Capacity, Shark Fisheries and Incidental catch of Seabirds in Longline Fisheries (July 1998)
Report of the Preparatory Meeting for the Consultation on the Management of Fishing Capacity, Shark Fisheries and Incidental catch of Seabirds in Longline Fisheries (October 1998)

Greenpeace Oceans campaign
Greenpeace has produced a number of reports and documents on overfishing and fishing capacity:

Assessment of the World's Fishing Fleet 1991-1997, Part I
Assessment of the World's Fishing Fleet 1991-1997, Part II
1998 report on the problem of growing world fishing capacity.
  
Principles for Ecologically Responsible, Low-Impact Fisheries
It Can't Go On Forever
Sinking Fast: How Factory Trawlers Are Destroying US Fisheries
The Global Fisheries Crisis
Four more reports.

WWF: Endangered Seas campaign
The WWF has two recent publications on overfishing:

Underwriting Overfishing
The Footprint of Distant Water Fleets on World Fisheries
  
Subsidies and Fisheries Depletion
Factsheet from the WWF, providing an overview of the overcapacity/subsidies issue.

SeaWeb
SeaWeb have produced three relevant background articles:

Danger at Sea: Our Changing Ocean
The Effects of Overfishing on Marine Biodiversity
Originally published in 1995 in The Journal of Marine Biology.
World's Imperiled Fish (Global Fish Declines)
Originally published in Scientific American, 1995.

Marine Fishing Trends
Overview from the World Resources Institute.

Articles from the Mining Company's Fisheries section:

What's Love Got to Do With It?: An Introduction to Global Fishery Problems
Global Fishery Solutions

Overfishing Threatens Sea's Bounty
An article from the Summer 1996 edition of Forum for Applied Research and Public Policy.

Are We Headed Toward A Fishless Ocean?
A six part series on global fishery problems published in Defenders magazine.

Oceans of Trouble
A Pulitzer Prize winning series published by the Times-Picayune.

The Tragedy of the Commons
A copy of the famous article by Garret Hardin, written in 1968, readable on-line.

Historical Landings - World Harvests
Basic statistical overview of world catches by major fishing nations, provided by the Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans.

Mining Company's Environment Guide: Fisheries
The Mining Company is a web-based company which searches the Internet for material on particular subjects. Its section on fisheries provides a number of useful links, and includes a page on overfishing, but most of the links are reproduced on this and other pages in the Pathfinder.
  

Literature on-line

Managing Fishing Capacity: A Review of Policy and Technical Issues
FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 409, by Stephen Cunningham and Dominique Gréboval

The FAO International Plan of Action for the Management of Fishing Capacity   Dominique Gréboval
Capacity, Excess Capacity, and Fisheries Management   John M. Ward
Income Subsidies and Incentives to Overfish   Erik Poole
Three papers presented at the IIFET 2000 Conference.

The International Plan of Action for the Management of Fishing Capacity and Selected Issues Pertaining to Illegal Unregulated and Unreported Fishing [pdf; also in Word]
Paper by Dominique F. Gréboval from the Sydney Expert Consultation on IUU fishing (May 2000)

SUBSIDIES

World Trade Organization: Subsidies
Information from the WTO website on subsidies and the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures.

Fishing in the Dark
Information and documents from a symposium organized by WWF and the European Policy Centre in Brussels, November 2000 on transparency and accountability in fishing subsidies. The Proceedings are available on-line (although some papers only as audio files). The links below are to selected documents and papers [all pdf files]:

Symposium Overview
 
Evidence of Poor Transparency in Fishing Subsidy Programmes 
Background Report by WWF.
  
Reforming European Union Fisheries Subsidies
A briefing paper by the Institute for European Environmental Policy
  
Effects Of Subsidised distant Water Fleets on the Marine Environment and Local People in Western Africa
Souleymane Zeba, Director, WWF West Africa Programme Office
  
The Application of European Right to Know Laws to Fishing Subsidies
Carolina Lasén Diaz, Staff Lawyer, Foundation for International Environmental Law and Development (FIELD)
   
The Framework of Access to Information on Fisheries Subsidies and Related Economic Actions. A Review of Access, Disclosure and Transparency Frameworks in Selected Countries
Kwame Mfodwo, Law School, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia

Overcapacity, Overcapitalisation and Subsidies in European Fisheries
Proceedings of the first Concerted Action Workshop on Economics and the Common Fisheries Policy, Portsmouth, UK, October 1998. Contains several papers.

Study on economic assistance to the OECD's fisheries sector
On-line copy of the OECD report.

International work on fishing subsidies - an update
Paper by Gordon Munro and Ronald P. Steenblik. Update of a paper presented at the First Workshop of the EU Concerted Action on Economics and the Common Fisheries Policy, 28-30 October 1998, Portsmouth, UK

Previous multilateral efforts to discipline subsidies to natural resource based industries
Paper by Ronald P. Steenblik, prepared for the Workshop on the Impact of Government Financial Transfers on Fisheries Management, Resource Sustainability, and International Trade, 17-19 August 1998, Manila, Philippines.

Subsidies to Marine Capture Fisheries: The International Information Gap
Ronald P. Steenblik and Paul F. Wallis

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IUU fishing 

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Bycatch 

General bycatch issues

Tuna/dolphin

Shrimp/turtle

Seabird bycatch

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Driftnet fishing

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Other issues

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