Internet Guide to International Fisheries Law

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Part 3:
Transboundary fish stocks

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Straddling stocks
    
bulletNorthwest Atlantic
bulletNortheast Atlantic
bulletSouthwest Atlantic
bulletSoutheast Atlantic
bulletNorth Pacific
bulletSouthern Ocean/Antarctica

Northwest Atlantic

    
bullet General information
bullet Information on the northern cod fishery
bullet The 1995 Greenland halibut dispute
 

   
On this website

Convention on Future Multilateral Cooperation in the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries
Text, summary information and status in the Multilateral Treaties Compendium.

IGIFL Organizations: NAFO
IGIFL Documents Centre: NAFO
Fisheries Jurisdiction case (Spain v. Canada)
Texts, information and links in the Compendium of Cases.

Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization
NAFO maintains an excellent site, containing a mass of information, particularly on scientific aspects. The site includes general information, such as on the History and background and Structure of the Organization, copies of recent Annual Reports and information on and documents relating to the main bodies: the Fisheries Commission and the Scientific Council.

The Fisheries Crisis in the Northwest Atlantic
Overview from the DFO's Backgrounder series.
  
DFO Forum on Fishery Science in Relation to Fisheries Management
Summary of the forum convened in 1997 to discuss the controversy surrounding the flawed scientific advice provided by DFO scientists on the Atlantic groundfish stocks, and the extent to which this advice was influenced by political pressures. Made available on the Web by naturalSCIENCE, an on-line science magazine.
   
The Atlantic Groundfish Fishery: Its Future
A lengthy report from the Canadian Senate Standing Committee on Fisheries, dating from 1995.
       
Chapter 14: Atlantic Groundfish - Sustainable Fisheries Framework   (Main Points)
Chapter 15: Atlantic Groundfish - Rationalization and Renewal    (Main Points)
Chapter 16: The Atlantic Groundfish Strategy    (Main Points)
Three Chapters of the 1997 Report of the Auditor General of Canada, dealing with the Canadian government's handling of relief and adjustment packages put in place following the closures of the groundfish fisheries. Brief summaries of the main points are also available for each of Chapters.

State of the Ocean: Northwest Atlantic
Canada's Surveillance - NAFO Regulatory Area

Two reports from the Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans.

Canadian Atlantic Fisheries Collapse
A reasonable article by Greenpeace, providing a critical view of events.

Literature on-line

Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fishery Science
An excellent resource, with full reproductions of the contents of this mainly science-based journal, going back to 1997. All the texts can be downloaded free of charge. Although the articles are mainly scientific in nature, a significant number are policy and management inclined.

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INFORMATION ON NORTHERN COD

The History of the Northern Cod
A comprehensive site, covering a wide range of material, listed in the Table of Contents. The material covers the history of the northern cod fishery, with an emphasis on events since 1990 and also covers some of the research work undertaken in the 1990s.

Stock Status Report 98: 2J3KL Cod
Extract from the 1998 DFO Stock Status Report on the state of the northern cod stock.
    
The Political Ecology of Crisis and Institutional Change: the case of the Northern Cod
A different view of the same issue by two social scientists: Bonnie McCay and Chris Finlayson.

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THE 1995 GREENLAND HALIBUT DISPUTE (SPAIN/EC - CANADA)

Fisheries Jurisdiction case (Spain v. Canada)
Judgment and other documentation from the International Court of Justice site. (For more details, see Page 9).

1995 EC-Canada fisheries agreement

Earlier agreements:

bullet 1992 EC-Canada fisheries agreement
Reproduced in the EC Regulation on conclusion
bullet 1981 EC-Canada fisheries agreement ("Long Term Agreement")
Reproduced in the EC Regulation on conclusion

For useful background information (and the Canadian point of view) this list of DFO news releases and backgrounder reports provide an easy starting point:

bullet NR-95-HQ-08E: Tobin says NAFO must decide equitable sharing arrangement for Greenland halibut
bullet NR-95-HQ-10E: Canada wins critical vote on turbot at NAFO
bullet NR-95-HQ-25E: Canada to fish turbot outside 200 miles
bullet NR-95-HQ-27E: Canada extends authority to protect straddling stocks on the high seas to include Spanish and Portuguese vessels
bullet NR-95-HQ-21E: Tobin says Canada will not let the EU devastate turbot
bullet NR-95-HQ-29E: Canada seizes Spanish trawler
bullet NR-95-NF-22E: Spanish captain released on bail
bullet NR-95-HQ-34E: Tobin and Wells respond to misinformation on the Canada-EU turbot dispute
bullet NR-95-HQ-36E: Canada-EU reach agreement to conserve and protect straddling stocks
bullet NR-95-HQ-55E: NAFO to consider adopting Canada-EU fisheries control and enforcement measures
bullet NR-95-HQ-108E: Tobin welcomes tough fisheries enforcement measures
bullet B-HQ-95-2E: The International Consensus on Conservation of Fish Stocks
bullet B-HQ-95-3E: Why NAFO members agreed upon a total allowable catch for Greenland halibut
bullet B-HQ-95-4E: European Union Overfishing in the Northwest Atlantic
bullet B-HQ-95-10E: Improved conservation and management measures
bullet B-HQ-95-11E: Chronology of Key Events: Canada-EU Turbot Dispute

For an alternative views, try these articles, maintained on the Spanish Si, Spain site:

Spanish Embassy Position On the Fishing Dispute
A variety of background information, diplomatic correspondence and articles devoted to the issue. The following is a list of the main articles maintained on the site, comprising news articles and other articles and press releases:

bullet El País 17 April 1995 (in Spanish)
bullet The Globe and Mail 18 April 1995
bullet The Ottawa Citizen 18 April 1995
bullet Le Devoir 25 April 1995 (in French)
   
bullet Diplomacy flounders as turbot war is caught in net
bullet Who Won the Great Turbot War?
bullet EU-Canada turbot deal a step in right direction
bullet European Union, Canada Sign Pact On Turbot Fishing
bullet Some Press Releases and Editorials About the Final Agreement

Canada-EU Fisheries Dispute
Extracts from the Note Verbale sent by the EU to Canada on 29 March 1995, setting out its position on the dispute.

Turbot Dispute Between Spain and Canada
Case study provided by the Trade Environment Database (TED).

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Northeast Atlantic

 

   
On this website

Convention on Future Multilateral Cooperation in Northeast Atlantic Fisheries
Agreement between Iceland, Norway and Russia Concerning Certain Aspects of Cooperation in the Area of Fisheries
Texts, summary information and status in the Multilateral Treaties Compendium.

IGIFL Organizations: NEAFC
IGIFL Documents Centre: NEAFC
IGIFL Documents: North-East Atlantic Coastal States ad hoc arrangements
Agreed Record of Consultations between the European Community and Norway on the North Sea Crisis
Text of the 2001 agreement between the EC and Norway in Current Materials (2001).

North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC)
Recently revamped, this is a useful website with a good level of material. It includes basic information and history of the Commission and the following documents: Basic texts, Regulatory Measures and Meeting Reports.

International cooperation in the NEAFC Convention Area
Very brief overview from the Icelandic Ministry of Fisheries.

The Development of Herring Fisheries in the Northeast Atlantic 1945-1995
Another brief overview from Gothenburg University.

Greenpeace North Sea fisheries campaign
Various material and information from Greenpeace.
  
  

Literature on-line

International Management Strategies for a Migratory Fish Stock: A Bio-Economic Simulation Model of the Norwegian Spring-Spawning Herring Fishery
Paper by Daniel Gordon, Dept. of Economics, The University of Calgary, Canada (IIFET 2000 Conference).

EC-Norway agreement on measures to conserve North Sea cod
Article by Chris Hedley, [2001] International Fisheries Bulletin No. 2

NEAFC: First meeting of the Permanent Committee on Control and Enforcement (PECCOE)
Report by Chris Hedley from [2001] International Fisheries Bulletin No. 8

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Southwest Atlantic (Falkland Islands/Malvinas)

Joint Statement establishing the UK-Argentina South Atlantic Fisheries Commission
Text from the IGIFL miscellaneous documents collection.

Falkland Islands Fisheries Conservation Zones
Text from the IGIFL miscellaneous documents collection.

EC-Argentina Fisheries Agreement
Text of the (now expired) fisheries agreement, reproduced on the EC's Eur-Lex database.

Fishery conflicts around the Falkland Islands
Article placed on the Web by R.H. Bethlehem, from the Asser Institute of the University of Groningen. Includes an overview of the straddling stocks problem, including an overview of the relevant international law, an overview of the Falkland Island Fisheries and a case study on the straddling stocks around the Falkland Islands.

Falkland Islands Government: Fisheries Department
Home page of the FI Fisheries Department, containing basic information, including an overview of the current management system.

Falkland Island Fisheries: Briefing
Falkland Island Fisheries: Development

Two pages giving a brief outline of the fisheries and issues, provided by the Falkland Islands Government. The Government site also maintains a useful news links section.

Falklands Conservation: Fisheries
Brief overview of Falkland Islands fisheries and related environmental issues from Falklands Conservation, a charitable organization founded in 1979 to monitor and protect the wildlife of the Falkland Islands.

Squid Trade in the Falklands
Overview of trade in the Falklands principal species from the Trade and Environmental Database project.

Falklands-Malvinas Forum
The Falklands-Malvinas Forum is designed to be a neutral space for interested parties to discuss their views. Relates principally to questions of sovereignty, but there is a section on fisheries.

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Southeast Atlantic

 

   
On this website

Convention on the Conservation and Management of Fishery Resources in the South East Atlantic Ocean
Texts, summary information and status in the Multilateral Treaties Compendium. See also Convention on the Conservation of the Living Resources of the Southeast Atlantic (and Protocol of Termination)

IGIFL Organizations: SEAFO
IGIFL Documents Centre: SEAFO

South East Atlantic Fisheries Organization (SEAFO)
Basic website of the Interim Secretariat, containing some background information and some documentation.

Literature on-line

The South East Atlantic Fisheries Organization (SEAFO) Convention- an initial review
Article by Chris Hedley,
OceanLaw On-Line Paper No. 2, April 2001

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North Pacific

 

   
On this website

Convention on the Conservation and Management of Pollock Resources in the Central Bering Sea
Text, summary information and status in the Multilateral Treaties Compendium.

Asia-Pacific fisheries
Large number of links and information, provided by the School of Hawaiian, Asian and Pacific Studies. Includes an overview of the following instruments/arrangements:

bullet Convention on the Conservation and Management of Pollock Resources in the Central Bering Sea
bullet US-Japan Consultative Committee on Fisheries
bullet US-Russia Intergovernmental Consultative Committee
bullet US-China Marine and Fisheries Science and Technology Protocol
bullet US-Korea Science and Technology Agreement

Russian Far East Fisheries Management
Copy of a 1997 US North Pacific Fishery Management Council Report to Congress.

Bering Sea Bycatch
Page of basic information from the Alaska Marine Conservation Council.

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   Antarctica/Southern Ocean
 

   
On this website

Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources
Text, summary information and status in the Multilateral Treaties Compendium.
IGIFL Organizations: CCAMLR
IGIFL Documents Centre: CCAMLR
See also Part 7, for links to general environmental issues in the Antarctic.

Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR)
The CCAMLR website contains a large quantity of information about the Commission and official documentation, including:

bullet Schedule of conservation measures in force
bullet Compliance and enforcement measures
bullet Text of the System of Inspection
bullet Catch Documentation Scheme
bullet Scientific Committee
bullet Newsletters
        
bullet Rules of Procedure of the Commission
bullet Rules of Procedure of the Scientific Committee
bullet Commission administration
bullet Headquarters Agreement

Greenpeace Southern Ocean "pirate fishing" campaign
Various information about the Greenpeace campaign, including an informative page on the "international offenders" involved in fishing in the Southern Ocean. Also includes the following reports:

bullet The Race for the Last Fish
bullet Fish of the Southern Oceans
bullet CCAMLR - The Convention on the Conservation of Atlantic Marine Living Resources
bullet Pirates plunder the Southern Ocean
bullet Antarctica and Southern Ocean Biodiversity
bullet Patagonian toothfish
Three more brief background reports.

TRAFFIC International toothfish campaign 

Antarctic toothfish: An analysis of management, catch and trade

The Perils of the Patagonian Toothfish
Article from the Mining Company's Environment Guide.

ISOFISH
ISOFISH is a non-governmental joint venture between conservation organizations and licensed fishing companies designed to collect and disseminate information on longline fishing in the Southern Ocean. Its site includes a basic page of country information and a news page.

The Antarctican
An newsletter for Antarctica.

Literature on-line

Problems and Prospects for the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources Twenty Years On
Article by Beth C. Clark & Alan D. Hemmings, appearing in (2001) 4 JIWLP.

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